Wednesday, October 12, 2011

Colouration

I'd like to take a moment to talk about colours in reptiles. The cells that give reptiles (as well as all other animals) colour are called 'chromatophores'. Chromatophores come in 6 colours:

Xanthaphores produce yellow colours. An animal whose xanthaphores do not produce pigment is called 'axanthic'

Erythrophores produce red and orange colours. An animal whose erythrophores do not produce pigment is called 'anerythristic', often shortened to 'anery'.

Melanophores  produce dark brown and 'black' colours. An animal whose melanophores do not produce pigment is called 'amelanistic' or 'albino'.

Cyanophores produce blue colours. So far, I have never heard of an animal with cyanophores that did not produce pigment, but I would expect such a creature go be called 'acyanic'.

The last two types of chromatophores are leucophores, which contain white pigment, and iridophores, which cause iridescence. None of the research I've done shows a case in which either of these chromatophores had pigment inhibition.

Also, there seems to be alot of confusion between albino and leucism. Leucism is the reduction of all pigment, whereas albinism is only the lack of melanin.

The last common colouration in reptiles is 'hypo', which is a reduction (but not complete absence) of a chromatophore pigment, resulting in a lighter appearance. Usually hypo refers to hypomelanistic, which causes a pastel-like colouration. It could also refer to a generally lighter coloured animal.

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